![hohokam shelter hohokam shelter](http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I000057CuAqx0BLY/s/900/720/Rajs-090917-6018curvE1.jpg)
The latest large Turkish underground city was discovered in 2007 in Gaziemir, Güzelyurt.
![hohokam shelter hohokam shelter](https://image1.slideserve.com/2158489/diverse-societies1-l.jpg)
They are now archeological and tourist sites, but are not generally occupied (see Kaymaklı Underground City). The cities were initially inhabited by the Hittites, then later by early Christians as hiding places. Many such sites were discovered in Judaea and the Galilee, for instance at Horvat 'Ethri.Ĭappadocia contains at least 36 historical underground cities, carved out of unusual geological formations formed via the eruptions of ancient volcanoes. Middle East Israel ĭuring the Bar Kokhba Revolt, Jews used an intricate system of man-made hideout complexes, prepared well in advance of the onset of the revolt. In the Early Jōmon period of Japanese prehistory (10,000 to 300 BC) complex pit houses were the most commonly used method of housing. Many people live in semi-recessed dugout houses in north-western China where hot summers and cold winters prevail. An estimated 40 million people in northern China live in a yaodong. The advantage of a yaodong over an ordinary house is that it needs little heating in winter and no cooling in summer. In north China, especially on the Loess Plateau, caves called yaodongs dug into hillsides have been the traditional dwellings from early times. White Cliffs, New South Wales is similar, in terms of climate, housing, and mining operations. Most residents live in caves excavated into the hillsides to avoid the harsh summer temperatures and work underground in mine shafts. Ĭoober Pedy is a small outback town in northern South Australia, 846 kilometres north of Adelaide on the Stuart Highway, where opal mining is the dominant industry. Floods and the Victorian gold rush effectively ended the large scale use of dugouts in Burra, but people were still being 'washed' out of the creek in 1859. Census data from 1851 shows that nearly 80 percent of the workers living in the dugouts were miners, with probably the majority being Cornish. An Indigenous Australian dugout near Cunnamulla, Queensland around 1910īurra in South Australia's Mid-North region was the site of the famous 'Monster Mine' (copper) and home to 4,400 people in 1851, 1,800 of whom were living in dugouts in the Burra Creek.